Digital Equity as a Catalyst for Circular Economy Transitions
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55845/joce-2026-4180Keywords:
Digital Equity, Right to Live, Circular Economy, Sustainable Development GoalsAbstract
In an era in which sustainable development requires both technological advancements and social presence, this study examined the crucial role of digital equity in facilitating the adoption of circular economy (CE) practices and principles, grounded in the fundamental human right to live with dignity and opportunity. Although digital equity and sustainability receive support, the collaboration, particularly from the perspective of constitutional rights as a key link, remains inadequately addressed. This research study proposes and tests a structural equation model (SEM) examining the relationships between Digital Equity (DE), the Right to Live (RL), and the adoption of a circular economy (CE). Using validated constructs aligned with the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), the model assesses the causal relationships across three scopes: digital equity, the right to live, and the adoption of a circular economy. By outlining digital equity as a driver of social human rights to live, which in turn supports circular and sustainable practices, this study identifies key research gaps in sustainability analysis. The model proposes that advancing towards a circular economy (CE) involves not only frameworks and improvements but also a commitment to digital equity, digital inclusion, and digital social integrity.
References
Aanestad, M., Kankanhalli, A., Maruping, L., Pang, M. S., & Ram, S. (2021). Digital technologies and social justice. MIS Quarterly, 17(3), 515–536.
Abiddin, N. Z., Ibrahim, I., & Abdul Aziz, S. A. (2022). Non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and their part towards sustainable community development. Sustainability, 14(8), 4386.
Abramovich, N., & Vasiliu, A. (2023). Sustainability as fairness: A Rawlsian framework linking intergenerational equity and the sustainable development goals (SDGs) with business practices. Sustainable Development, 31(3), 1328–1342.
Abujder Ochoa, W. A., Iarozinski Neto, A., Vitorio Junior, P. C., Calabokis, O. P., & Ballesteros-Ballesteros, V. (2025). The Theory of complexity and sustainable urban development: A systematic literature review: Sustainability, 17(1), 3.
Acquah, I. S. K., Quaicoe, J., & Gatsi, J. G. (2024). Modelling circular economy capabilities and sustainable manufacturing practices for environmental performance: Assessing linear (PLS-SEM) and non-linear (fsQCA) effects. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 205, 123501.
Adanma, U. M., & Ogunbiyi, E. O. (2024). The public health benefits of implementing environmental policies: A comprehensive review of recent studies. International Journal of Applied Research in Social Sciences, 6(5), 978-1004.
Adekomaya, O., & Majozi, T. (2022). Promoting natural cycle and environmental resilience: a pathway toward sustainable development. South African Journal of Chemical Engineering, 42, 229–240.
Adholiya, A. (2025). Evaluating the Impact of Digitalisation on Circular Economy Growth: Insights from Structural Equation Modelling. Circular Economy and Sustainability, 1–30.
Afzal, A., Khan, S., Daud, S., Ahmad, Z., & Butt, A. (2023). Addressing the Digital Divide: Access to and Use of Technology in Education. Journal of Social Sciences Review, 3(2), 883–895.
Ahirwar, R., & Tripathi, A. K. (2021). E-waste management: A review of recycling process, environmental and occupational health hazards, and potential solutions. Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring & Management, 15, 100409.
Ahuja, V. (2023). Equity and access in digital education: Bridging the divide. In Contemporary challenges in education: Digitalisation, methodology, and management (pp. 45–59). IGI Global.
Aiguobarueghian, I., Adanma, U. M., Ogunbiyi, E. O., & Solomon, N. O. (2024). An overview of initiatives and best practices in resource management and sustainability. World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews, 22(2), 1734-1745.
Al Mokdad, A. (2025). Inclusive and Intelligent Governance: Enabling Sustainability Through Policy and Technology. In Social System Reforms to Achieve Global Sustainability (pp. 173–238). IGI Global Scientific Publishing.
Alabdali, S. A., Pileggi, S. F., & Cetindamar, D. (2023). Influential factors, enablers, and barriers to adopting innovative technology in rural regions: A literature review. Sustainability, 15(10), 7908.
Alam, S. S., Masukujjaman, M., Ahmed, S., Kokash, H. A., & Khattak, A. (2024). Towards a circular economy: cleaner production technology adoption among small and medium enterprises in an emerging economy. Circular Economy and Sustainability, 4(2), 1357-1386.
Alhassan, M. D., & Adam, I. O. (2024). Digital inclusion and sustainable development goals. Journal of Science and Technology Policy Management.
Alhosani, K. (2025). Leveraging Public-Private Partnerships for a Circular Industry Economy: Advancing Economic Sustainability in Industrial Waste Management in the Emirate of Ajman, UAE.
Alketbi, M. S. A. H. 2023). Sustainable development: influence of economic decisions taken at the state level in the United Arab Emirates (UAE).
AllahRakha, N. (2024). Cybersecurity Regulations for Protection and Safeguarding Digital Assets (Data) in Today’s World. Lex Scientia Law Review, 8(1), 405–432.
Allen, H. J. (2024). Fintech and techno-solutionism. Available at SSRN 4686469.
Al-Mujahed, L. K. A. (2024). Smart cities and Sustainable Development Goals: A systematic review and future research directions. Journal of Sustainable Economy, 1(1).
Almulhim, A. I., & Abubakar, I. R. (2021). Understanding Public Environmental Awareness and Attitudes toward the Transition to a Circular Economy in Saudi Arabia. Sustainability, 13(18), 10157.
Al-Sulaiti, A., Hamouda, A. M., Al-Yafei, H., & Abdella, G. M. (2024). Innovation-based strategic roadmap for economic sustainability and diversity in hydrocarbon-driven economies: the Qatar perspective. Sustainability, 16(9), 3770.
Al-Thani, D. S. K., Mohamed, M. A., Jacob, F. A., Al Thani, S. A., Khan, H., Kim, S., & Nabil Abdel-Hadi, I. (2024). CIRCULAR ECONOMY PRINCIPLES FOR EFFICIENT WATER AND WASTE MANAGEMENT.
Andersson, J., Lennerfors, T. T., & Fornstedt, H. (2024). Towards a socio-techno-ecological approach to sustainability transitions. Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions, 51, 100846. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eist.2024.100846
Antikainen, R., Baudry, R., Gössnitzer, A., Karppinen, T. K. M., Kishna, M., Montevecchi, F., ... & IHOBE, S. P. D. G. A. (2021). Circular Business Models: Product-Service-Systems on the Way to a Circular Economy.
Anttiroiko, A. V. (2023). Smart circular cities: governing the relationality, spatiality, and digitality in promoting the circular economy in an urban region. Sustainability, 15(17), 12680.
Anuardo, R. G., Espuny, M., Costa, A. C. F., & Oliveira, O. J. (2022). Toward a cleaner and more sustainable world: A framework to develop and improve waste management through organisations, governments and academia. Heliyon, 8(4).(Twum, Zhang, Ding, & Cobbinah, 2025)
Apata, O. (2024, April). Exploring the Nexus Between Digital Transformation and Sustainability. In 2024 IEEE Conference on Technologies for Sustainability (SusTech) (pp. 120–127). IEEE.
Araújo, R., & Koessler, L. (2021). The rise of the constitutional protection of future generations.
Arimoro, A. E. (2025). Human Rights and Standard of Living in Sub-Saharan Africa: Challenges and Prospects.
Arion, F. H., Aleksanyan, V., Markosyan, D., & Arion, I. D. (2023). Circular pathways to sustainable development: understanding the links between circular economy indicators, economic growth, social well-being, and environmental performance in EU-27. Sustainability, 15(24), 16883.
Ashfaq, M., Tandon, A., Zhang, Q., Jabeen, F., & Dhir, A. (2023). Doing good for society! How purchasing green technology stimulates consumers toward green behaviour: A structural equation modelling–artificial neural network approach. Business Strategy and the Environment, 32(4), 1274–1291.
Asibey, M. O., Haruna, H. A., Appau, P. K., & Yeboah, V. (2025). Empowering communities, protecting ecosystems: Climate resilience of urban socio-ecological systems. Journal of Environmental Management, 375, 124376.
Atzeni, M., Carta, M. G., Primavera, D., Gonzales, C. I. A., Galletta, M., Marchegiani, S., ... & Preti, A. (2024). Reliability and Factor Structure of the Well-Being and Respect for Human Rights Questionnaire in Measuring Caregivers' Perception. Clinical Practice and Epidemiology in Mental Health: CP & EMH, 20, e17450179310030.
Awan, U. (2021). Steering for Sustainable Development Goals: A Typology of Sustainable Innovation. In Industry, innovation and infrastructure (pp. 1026–1036). Cham: Springer International Publishing.
Baharum, H., Ismail, A., Awang, Z., McKenna, L., Ibrahim, R., Mohamed, Z., & Hassan, N. H. (2023). The study adapted instruments based on Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) to validate measurement models of latent constructs. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(4), 2860.The measurement (outer) model evaluation.
Bai, C., Orzes, G., & Sarkis, J. (2022). Exploring the impact of Industry 4.0 technologies on social sustainability through a circular economy approach. Industrial Marketing Management, 101, 176–190.
Bailey, L. E., & Nyabola, N. (2021). Digital Equity as an Enabling Platform for Equality and Inclusion. Pathfinders for Peaceful, Just, and Inclusive Societies/NYU Centre on International Cooperation, June 2021, https://cic. nyu. Edu/resources/digital-equityas-an-enabling-platform-for-equality-and-inclusion.
Basilio, D. G. G., & da Silva, C. D. D. P. (2024). Governance and New International Actors: The Fundamental Role of Networks in Implementing Sustainable Development Goals. Beijing L.
Bastone, A., Leone, D., Ciasullo, M. V., & Matho, R. (2024). Exploring sustainable value drivers of the sharing economy: a sector analysis. Management Decision, 62(12), 4118–4137.
Batra, S. (2025). Exploring the application of PLS-SEM in construction management research: a bibliometric and meta-analysis approach. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 32(4), 2697–2727.
Baumgartner, H., Weijters, B., & Pieters, R. (2021). The biasing effect of standard method variance: Some clarifications. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 49, 221–235.
Becker, A. (2021). Human dignity through action: Transformative human rights education and social work. Journal of human rights and social work, 6(3), 173–182.
Bellantuono, L., Monaco, A., Amoroso, N., Aquaro, V., Lombardi, A., Tangaro, S., & Bellotti, R. (2022). Sustainable development goals: conceptualisation, communication, and achievement synergies in a complex network framework. Applied Network Science, 7(1), 14.
Bergmann, M., Ntsondé, J., Beulque, R., & Micheaux, H. (2025). Business Models for Strong Circularity—The Role of Informative Policy Instruments Promoting Repair. Business Strategy and the Environment, 34(2), 2273–2296.
Berry, B., Farber, B., Rios, F. C., Haedicke, M. A., Chakraborty, S., Lowden, S. S., ... & Isenhour, C. (2022). Just by design: exploring justice as a multidimensional concept in US circular economy discourse. Local Environment, 27(10-11), 1225–1241.
Bertassini, A. C., Ometto, A. R., Severengiz, S., & Gerolamo, M. C. (2021). Circular economy and sustainability: The role of organisational behaviour in the transition journey. Business Strategy and the Environment, 30(7), 3160–3193.
Bhatti, M. A., & Alshiha, F. A. (2024). Examining the Influence of Urban Environment and Green Space Perceptions on Quality of Life. Rita Revista Indexada de Textos Acadêmicos (21).
Bherwani, H., Nair, M., Niwalkar, A., Balachandran, D., & Kumar, R. (2022). Application of circular economy framework for reducing the impacts of climate change: A case study from India on the evaluation of carbon and materials footprint nexus. Energy Nexus, 5, 100047.
Bjervig, B., & Amundsen, M. (2024). Analysing the Influence of Foreign Direct Investments on Sustainable Development in Developing Countries (master’s thesis, Handelshøyskolen BI).
Bogenschneider, K., & Corbett, T. (2021). Evidence-based policymaking: Envisioning a new era of theory, research, and practice. Routledge.
Bourdin, S., & Jacquet, N. (2025). Closing the loop at the local scale: Investigating the drivers of and barriers to the implementation of the circular economy in cities and regions. Ecological Economics, 231, 108542.
Bracarense, N., & Bracarense Costa, P. A. (2024). Green jobs: Sustainable path for environmental conservation, socio-economic stability, and inclusion. Review of Political Economy, 36(1), 351–372.
Bressanelli, G., Adrodegari, F., Pigosso, D. C., & Parida, V. (2022). Towards the innovative circular economy paradigm: A definition, conceptualisation, and research agenda. Sustainability, 14(9), 4960.
Bustami, A. (2022). The Legal Relationship between Present and Future Generations: An Intertemporal Perspective on Intergenerational Equity (Doctoral dissertation, Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg Carl von Ossietzky).
Cagno, E., Neri, A., Negri, M., Bassani, C. A., & Lampertico, T. (2021). The role of digital technologies in operationalising the circular economy transition: A systematic literature review. Applied Sciences, 11(8), 3328.
Castro, C., & Lopes, C. (2022). Digital government and sustainable development. Journal of the Knowledge Economy, 13(2), 880–903.
Chen, D., & Fritz, M. S. (2021). Comparing alternative corrections for bias in the bias-corrected bootstrap test of mediation. Evaluation & the health professions, 44(4), 416–427.
Cheng, C., Spiegelman, D., & Li, F. (2021). Estimating the natural indirect effect and the mediation proportion via the product method. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 21, 1–20.
Cheung, G. W., Cooper-Thomas, H. D., Lau, R. S., & Wang, L. C. (2024). Reporting reliability, convergent and discriminant validity with structural equation modelling: A review and best-practice recommendations. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 41(2), 745–783.
Chiang, P. C., Ma, H. W., Wen, L., & Lin, C. H. (2024). Reduction, Reuse, Recycling, Recovery, Redesign. In Introduction to Green Science and Technology for Green Economy: Principles and Applications (pp. 255–285). Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore.
Chien, F. (2022). The mediating role of energy efficiency in the relationship between sharing-economy benefits and the Sustainable Development Goals (Case of China). Journal of Innovation & Knowledge, 7(4), 100270.
Chin, C. L., & Yao, G. (2024). Convergent validity. In Encyclopaedia of quality of life and well-being research (pp. 1398–1399). Cham: Springer International Publishing.
Chobdar, M., & Garje, B. Perspective of The Young About the Fundamental Rights: A Need to Raise Awareness for Its Successful Authorisation.
Chohan, S. R., & Hu, G. (2022). Strengthening digital inclusion through e-government: cohesive ICT training programs to intensify digital competency. Information technology for development, 28(1), 16–38.
Chowdhury, S., Dey, P. K., Rodríguez-Espíndola, O., Parkes, G., Tuyet, N. T. A., Long, D. D., & Ha, T. P. (2022). Impact of organisational factors on the circular economy practices and sustainable performance of small and medium-sized enterprises in Vietnam. Journal of Business Research, 147, 362–378.
Ciacci, A., Ivaldi, E., Penco, L., & Testa, G. (2024). Measuring Digital Sustainability: Paying Attention to the Economic, Social, and Environmental Dimensions: A European Perspective. Social Indicators Research, 1–29.
Clausen, L. (2025). Women Entrepreneurs in the Circular Economy: Global Experiences. Emerald Group Publishing.
Colding, J., Nilsson, C., & Sjöberg, S. (2024). Smart cities for all? Bridging digital divides for socially sustainable and inclusive cities. Smart Cities, 7(3), 1044-1059.
Correa, M. (2024). Bridging the digital divide: Effective strategies for enhancing broadband connectivity and digital literacy in low-income communities (Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Northridge).
Cosa, M. (2024). Equity Integration in Corporate Social Responsibility: Analysing Stakeholder, Legitimacy, and Social Activism Dynamics. In CSR, Governance and Value (pp. 133–154). Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore.
Craiut, L., Bungau, C., Bungau, T., Grava, C., Otrisal, P., & Radu, A. F. (2022). Technology Transfer, Sustainability, and Development, Worldwide and in Romania. Sustainability, 14(23), 15728. https://doi.org/10.3390/su142315728
Czerniewicz, L., & Carvalho, L. (2022). Open, distance, and digital education (ODDE)–An equity view. In Handbook of open, distance and digital education (pp. 1–20). Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore.
Danish, M. S. S., & Senjyu, T. (2023). Shaping the future of sustainable energy through AI-enabled circular economy policies. Circular Economy, 2(2), 100040.
Das, D. K. (2024). Exploring the symbiotic relationship between digital transformation, infrastructure, service delivery, and governance for smart, sustainable cities. Smart Cities, 7(2), 806–835.
Das, S. S., Singh, K., Kumar, R., Singh, J. N., & Kumar, P. (2024). Exploring the multifaceted landscape of human rights: A comprehensive analysis of theoretical frameworks. Educational Administration: Theory and Practice, 30(5), 3346–3365.
Dasandi, N., Graham, H., Hudson, D., Jankin, S., van Heerde-Hudson, J., & Watts, N. (2022). Positive, global, and health- or environmental-framing bolsters public support for climate policies. Communications Earth & Environment, 3(1), 239. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-022-00507-7
De Abreu, V. H. S., Da Costa, M. G., Da Costa, V. X., De Assis, T. F., Santos, A. S., & D’Agosto, M. D. A. (2022). The role of the circular economy in road transport in mitigating climate change and reducing resource depletion. Sustainability, 14(14), 8951. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14148951
De Morais, L. H. L., Pinto, D. C., & Cruz-Jesus, F. (2021). Circular economy engagement: Altruism, status, and cultural orientation as drivers for sustainable consumption. Sustainable Production and Consumption, 27, 523–533. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spc.2020.11.003
De Oliveira Neto, G. C., do Prado Soares, O., Costa, B. K., da Silva, R. N. B., da Costa, P. R., Bernardes, R., … & da Silva, D. (2025). Impact of technological innovation driven by co-creation of value on the performance of multinationals in emerging markets. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 11(2), 100511. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joitmc.2024.100511
De Schutter, O., Lamara, F., & Rabier, S. (2022). The approach is based on human rights and the reduction of multidimensional inequalities. AFD Research Papers, 260, 1–68.
Deganis, I., Haghian, P. Z., Tagashira, M., & Alberti, A. (2021). Leveraging digital technologies for social inclusion. United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs. https://www.un.org/development/desa
Di Maria, E., De Marchi, V., & Galeazzo, A. (2022). Industry 4.0 technologies and circular economy: The mediating role of supply chain integration. Business Strategy and the Environment, 31(2), 619–632. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.2919
Diaz, A., Reyes, T., & Baumgartner, R. J. (2022). Implementing circular economy strategies during product development. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 184, 106344. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2022.106344
Du, Y., Xu, J., & Yuan, X. (2024). The development relationship between circular economy and advanced digital technology: Based on an innovative literature review method. Environmental Technology Reviews, 13(1), 614–638. https://doi.org/10.1080/21622515.2024.2361642
Dwivedi, A., & Paul, S. K. (2022). A framework for digital supply chains in the circular economy era: Implications on environmental sustainability. Business Strategy and the Environment, 31(4), 1249–1274. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.2964
Ebadi, B. (2023). Beyond digital access as a human right in cities: Proposing an integrated, multi-dimensional approach.
Elliott, K., Price, R., Shaw, P., Spiliotopoulos, T., Ng, M., Coopamootoo, K., & Van Moorsel, A. (2021). Towards an equitable digital society: Artificial intelligence (AI) and corporate digital responsibility (CDR). Society, 58(3), 179–188. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12115-021-00647-5
Emeka-Okoli, S., Nwankwo, T. C., Otonnah, C. A., & Nwankwo, E. E. (2024). Integrating sustainable development goals into oil & gas operations: A comprehensive review. International Journal of Management & Entrepreneurship Research, 6(3), 660–677.
Farber, D. A. (2023). INEQUALITY AND REGULATION Designing Rules to Address Race, Poverty, and Environmental Justice. American Journal of Law and Equality, 3, 2–52.
Fauzi, M. A. (2022). Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) in Knowledge Management Studies: Knowledge Sharing in Virtual Communities. Knowledge Management & E-Learning, 14(1), 103–124.
Federal Communications Commission. (n.d.). Affordable Connectivity Program. U.S. Government. https://www.fcc.gov/acp
Fernandez de Arroyabe Arranz, C. (2022). The application of Machine Learning methods to the analysis of Business: A study of the implementation of the Circular Economy (Doctoral dissertation, University of Essex).
Fernández, S., Bodin, U., & Synnes, K. (2025). On the Interplay between Behaviour Dynamics, Environmental Impacts, and Fairness in the Circular Economy, Business Models and Supply Chain Management. Significance, 6, 8.
Findley, M. G., Kikuta, K., & Denly, M. (2021). External validity. Annual review of political science, 24(1), 365–393.
Fisher, J., Arora, P., Chen, S., Rhee, S., Blaine, T., & Simangan, D. (2021). Four propositions on integrated sustainability: Towards a theoretical framework to understand the nexus of environment, peace, and sustainability. Sustainability Science, 16, 1125–1145.
Forehand, L. C. (2024). From Access to Equity: The Role of OER and Technology in Higher Education. California State University, Long Beach.Corrado, M. (2024). Industrial Property Rights in Circular Economy: Challenges and Opportunities.
Fountain, H. N. (2023). Digital Inclusion in the LIS Literature: An Intersectional Analysis.
Fujimoto, Y., & Uddin, J. (2021). Inclusive leadership for reduced inequality: the economic–social-economic cycle of inclusion. Journal of Business Ethics, 1–20.
Gallardo‐Vázquez, D., de Sousa Paiva, I. C., & Nuevo‐Gallardo, C. (2025). Exploring the Role of Sustainability Reporting Strategies in Promoting Sustainable Development in Social Economy Entities: The Circular Economy as a Mediator of Sustainable Development, 33(2), 2902–2925.
Gamji, M. B. U., Kara, N., Nasidi, Q. Y., & Abdul, A. I. (2022). The challenges of the digital divide and the use of Web 2.0 platforms for knowledge sharing among Nigerian academics. Information Development, 38(1), 149–159.
Garg, D. K. (2023). Environmental Challenges and Sustainable Development. Journal Global Values, 14, 203–210.
Gariba, M. I., Odei, S. A., Febiri, F., & Provazníková, R. (2024). Exploring the mediating role of the digital economy in the relationship between fiscal decentralisation and the SDGs dimensions in the EU. Cogent Economics & Finance, 12(1), 2367219.
Gaur, T. S., Yadav, V., Mittal, S., & Sharma, M. K. (2024). A systematic review on sustainable e-waste management: Challenges, circular economy practices, and a conceptual framework. Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal, 35(4), 858–884.
Georgantzis Garcia, D. (2024). The Role of Consumer Perception and Behaviour in the Transition towards the Circular Economy (Doctoral dissertation, University of Sheffield).
George, A. S. (2024). Bridging the Digital Divide: Understanding the Human Impacts of Digital Transformation.
Ghaleb, M., & Yaslioglu, M. (2024). Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) for social and behavioural sciences studies: Steps, sequence, and explanation. Journal of Organisational Behaviour Review, 6(1), 69–108.
GIRALT, L. (2024). A Comprehensive Analysis of the European Union’s Integration of the Right to Development and the Sustainable Development Goals: EU Development: From Policy to Practice.
Gonella, J. D. S. L., Godinho Filho, M., Campos, L. M. D. S., & Ganga, G. M. D. (2024). People’s awareness and behaviours of the circular economy around the world: literature review and research agenda. Sustainability Accounting, Management and Policy Journal, 15(5), 1118–1154.
Gonella, J. D. S. L., Godinho Filho, M., Ganga, G. M. D., Latan, H., & Jabbour, C. J. C. (2024). A behavioural perspective on circular economy awareness: The moderating role of social influence and psychological barriers. Journal of Cleaner Production, 441, 141062.
Gonzales, A. L., Kim, Y., & Wang, L. H. (2023). Multi-solving innovations: How digital equity, e‐waste, and right‐to‐repair policies can increase the supply of affordable computers. Policy & Internet, 15(2), 162–177.
Gorokhova, T., Shpatakova, O., Toponar, O., Zolotarova, O., & Pavliuk, S. (2023). CIRCULAR ECONOMY AS AN ALTERNATIVE TO THE TRADITIONAL LINEAR ECONOMY: CASE STUDY OF THE EU. Environmental & Social Management Journal/Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental, 17(5).
Gottschalk, F., & Weise, C. (2023). Digital equity and inclusion in education: An overview of practice and policy in OECD countries. OECD Education Working Papers, (299), 0_1-75.
Government of India. (n.d.). Digital India. Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology. https://digitalindia.gov.in
Govindharaj, Y. (2021). A theoretical evaluation of enabling humans with social justice, conceptualism, and sustainable development. Journal of Human Resource and Sustainability Studies, 9(4), 503–523.
Grybaitė, V. (2025). Green Wealth in Motion: Leveraging the Sharing Economy for a Circular Future. In Green Wealth: Navigating towards a Sustainable Future (pp. 307–322). Emerald Publishing Limited.
Gu, W., Li, L., Zhang, S., & Yi, M. (2024). The Path Analysis of Entrepreneurship's Impact on the Circular Economy in Emerging Markets: A Mediating Role of Digital Technology. Management Decision, 62(9), 2900–2914.
Guillibert, P., Barca, S., & Leonardi, E. (2024). Labour in the transition to the circular economy. Circular Economy for Social Transformation: Multiple Paths to Achieve Circularity, 285.
Guo, Y., Deng, Y., & Meng, Q. (2023). How Does the Citizen's Education Level Affect Their Willingness to Protect Their Internet Rights? ——The Parallel Intermediary Effect of Digital Information Acquisition Ability and Utilisation Ability. Digital Government: Research and Practice, 4(4), 1–18.
Hagelüken, C., & Goldmann, D. (2022). Recycling and circular economy—towards a closed loop for metals in emerging clean technologies. Mineral Economics, 35(3), 539–562.
Hailemariam, A., & Erdiaw‐Kwasie, M. O. (2023). Towards a circular economy: Implications for emission reduction and environmental sustainability. Business Strategy and the Environment, 32(4), 1951-1965.
Hair Jr, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., Sarstedt, M., Danks, N. P., & Ray, S. (2021). Partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) using R: A workbook (p. 197). Springer Nature.
Hair Jr, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., Sarstedt, M., Danks, N. P., Ray, S., ... & Ray, S. (2021). Evaluation of reflective measurement models. Partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) using R: A workbook, 75–90.
Haji-Othman, Y., & Yusuff, M. S. S. (2022). Assessing the reliability and validity of the attitude construct using partial least squares structural equation modelling. Int. J. Acad. Res. Bus. Soc. Sci, 12(5), 378–385.
Hales, R., & Birdthistle, N. (2023). The sustainable development goals–SDG# 12: responsible consumption and production. Attaining the 2030 Sustainable Development Goal of responsible consumption and production (pp. 1–10). Emerald Publishing Limited.
Hameed, K., Naha, R., & Hameed, F. (2024). Digital Transformation for Sustainable Health and Well-being: A Review and Future Research Directions. Discover Sustainability, 5(1), 104.
Han, Y., Shevchenko, T., Yannou, B., Ranjbari, M., Shams Esfandabadi, Z., Saidani, M., ... & Li, G. (2023). Exploring how digital technologies enable a circular economy of products: sustainability, 15(3), 2067.
Haque, F., Fan, C., & Lee, Y. Y. (2023). From waste to value: Addressing the relevance of waste recovery to the agricultural sector in line with the circular economy. Journal of Cleaner Production, 415, 137873.
Hasan, N., Bao, Y., & Miah, S. J. (2022). Exploring the Impact of ICT Usage among Indigenous People and Their Quality of Life: Operationalising Sen’s Capability Approach. Information Technology for Development, 28(2), 230-250.
Hassan, K., & Naoual, O. T. (2024). Leveraging technology for equity: A literature review on e-inclusion and its potential to advance young people's socioeconomic inclusion. Revue Internationale de la Recherche Scientifique, 2(4), 1936-1952.
Helsper, E. (2021). The digital disconnects: The social causes and consequences of digital inequalities.
Hossain, K. A. (2023). Evaluation of technological breakthroughs in global education and future employment opportunities. Journal of Liberal Arts and Humanities (JLAH), 4(8), 1–62.
Huh, D., Li, X., Zhou, Z., Walters, S. T., Baldwin, S. A., Tan, Z., ... & Mun, E. Y. (2022). A structural equation modelling approach to meta-analytic mediation analysis using individual participant data: Testing protective behavioural strategies as a mediator of brief motivational intervention effects on alcohol-related problems. Prevention Science, 23(3), 390–402.
Hummels, H., & Argyrou, A. (2021). Planetary demands: Redefining sustainable development and sustainable entrepreneurship. Journal of Cleaner Production, 278, 123804.
Huttunen, S., Kaljonen, M., Lonkila, A., Rantala, S., Rekola, A., & Paloniemi, R. (2021). Pluralising agency to understand behaviour change in sustainability transitions. Energy research & social science, 76, 102067.
Huvé, S., Brubaker, R., Day, A., & Hudáková, Z. (2022). Enforcing UN Sanctions and Protecting Humanitarian Action: Towards a Coherent and Consistent Approach.
Imran, A. (2023). Why addressing digital inequality should be a priority—the Electronic Journal of Information Systems in Developing Countries, 89(3), e12255.
Inam Ul Mansoor, S. (2023). An Interface between Digital Privacy and Human Rights: The Challenges Ahead. Available at SSRN 5019128.AbdulKareem, A. K., & Oladimeji, K. A. (2024). Cultivating the Digital Citizen: Trust, Digital Literacy, and E-Government Adoption. Transforming Government: People, Process and Policy, 18(2), 270–286.
Islam, M. Z., & Zheng, L. (2024). Why is it necessary to integrate circular economy practices for agri‐food sustainability from a global perspective? Sustainable Development.
Israilova, E., Dudukalov, E., Goryunova, E., & Shatila, K. (2023). Promoting environmental literacy and behaviour change among individuals and communities in the digital era. In E3S Web of Conferences (Vol. 458, p. 06024). EDP Sciences.
Ixmeier, A., Kranz, J. J., Recker, J., & Zeiss, R. (2023). How to unlock the potential of information systems for a circular economy. In Research handbook on information systems and the environment (pp. 74–99). Edward Elgar Publishing.
Jackson, E. A. (2021). Sustainable livelihood framework for equitable living in a crisis of a global pandemic. In Reduced Inequalities (pp. 1–10). Cham: Springer International Publishing.
Jha, M. K., & Dev, M. (2024). Impacts of Climate Change. In Smart Internet of Things for Environment and Healthcare (pp. 139–159). Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland.
Ji-Hyland, C., White, D., & Khaydarov, R. (2025). The Impact of Circular Economy Practices on Sustainable Logistics Performance. International Journal of Logistics Research and Applications, 1–27.
Jodoin, S., Savaresi, A., & Wewerinke-Singh, M. (2021). Rights-based approaches to climate decision-making. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability, 52, 45–53.
Johnsson, L. (2021). Multidimensional property supplementation: A method for discovering and describing emergent qualities of concepts in grounded theory research. Qualitative Health Research, 31(1), 184–200.
Johnston, M. (2022). Critiquing commodification in environmental governance: examples of urban waste governance in Cape Town, Rotterdam, and Bristol.
Kanger, L. (2021). Rethinking the Multi-level Perspective for energy transitions: From regime life cycle to explanatory typology of transition pathways. Energy Research & Social Science, 71, 101829.
Kante, M., & Michel, B. (2023). Use of partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) in privacy and disclosure research on social network sites: A systematic review. Computers in Human Behaviour Reports, 10, 100291.
Karaca, F., Tleuken, A., Pineda-Martos, R., Ros Cardoso, S., Orel, D., Askar, R., ... & Braganca, L. (2024). Cultivating sustainable construction: stakeholder insights driving circular economy innovation for inclusive resource equity. Buildings, 14(4), 935.
Khatun, M. (2024). The Role of Philosophy in Combating Social Inequality in the Digital Era: Ethical Perspectives and Practical Implications. JOURNAL OF ADVANCE AND FUTURE RESEARCH, 2(10), 20–26.
Klein, S. P., Spieth, P., & Heidenreich, S. (2021). Facilitating business model innovation: The influence of sustainability and the mediating role of strategic orientations. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 38(2), 271–288.
Kline, R. B. (2023). Principles and practice of structural equation modelling. Guilford Publications.
Kock, F., Berbekova, A., & Assaf, A. G. (2021). Understanding and Managing the Threat of Common Method Bias: Detection, Prevention, and Control. Tourism management, 86, 104330.
Kola-Bezka, M. (2024). Policies and regulatory instruments in pursuit of the circular economy. In The Human Dimension of the Circular Economy (pp. 26–45). Edward Elgar Publishing.
Konash, A., & Nasr, N. (2022). The circular economy and resource use reduction: A case study of long-term resource efficiency measures in a medium manufacturing company. Cleaner Production Letters, 3, 100025.
Kotkas, T. (2024). Social rights and social sustainability: Can social law promote intergenerational justice? In Research Handbook on Sustainability and Competition Law (pp. 320–335). Edward Elgar Publishing.
Kreijkes, P., & Greatorex, J. (2024). Differential effects of subject‐based and integrated curriculum approaches on students' learning outcomes: A review of reviews. Review of Education, 12(1), e3465.
Kreinin, H., & Aigner, E. (2022). From “Decent work and economic growth” to “Sustainable work and economic degrowth”: a new framework for SDG 8. Empirica, 49(2), 281–311.
KULESZA, J. (2024). Two sides of the same coin? The Future of the Internet and Sustainable Development. European University Institute.
Kumar MV, M., Patil, J., Shastry, K. A., Darshan, S., Sastry, N. K. B., Moonesar, I. A., ... & Rao, A. (2022). ICT Enabled Disease Diagnosis, Treatment and Management—A Holistic Cost-Effective Approach Through Data Management and Analysis in UAE and India—Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence, 5, 909101.
Kumar, A., Verma, R. K., Chandrasekaran, K., Rangasami, S. R., & Kumari, V. (2024). Advanced scale development methodology through systematic literature review, synthesis, and validation. Vandana, Advanced Scale Development Methodology Through Systematic Literature Review-Synthesis and Validation.
Kumar, N., & Chatterjee, S. (2023). Accelerating progress in SDG 9 (sustainable industrialisation) in the South and South-West Asia.
Kumar, P., Sharma, L., & Sharma, N. C. (2024). Sustainable Development: Balancing Economic Viability, Environmental Protection, and Social Equity. In Sustainable Partnership and Investment Strategies for Startups and SMEs (pp. 212–234). IGI Global.
Kumar, S., & Barua, M. K. (2022). A modelling framework of green practices to explore their interrelations as a conduit to policy. Journal of Cleaner Production, 335, 130301.
Lah, O. (2025). Breaking the silos: integrated approaches to foster sustainable development and climate action. Sustainable Earth Reviews, 8(1), 1.
Lai, M. H. (2021). Bootstrap confidence intervals for multilevel standardised effect size. Multivariate Behavioural Research, 56(4), 558–578.
Lakens, D. (2022). Sample size justification. Collabra: psychology, 8(1), 33267.
Lee, C. W., & Fu, M. W. (2024). Conceptualising Sustainable Business Models: Aligning with Corporate Responsibility. Sustainability, 16(12), 5015.
Leipold, S., Petit‐Boix, A., Luo, A., Helander, H., Simoens, M., Ashton, W. S., ... & Xue, B. (2023). Lessons, narratives, and research directions for a sustainable circular economy. Journal of Industrial Ecology, 27(1), 6–18.
Li, J., Ju, S. Y., Zhu, C., Yuan, Y., Fu, M., Kong, L. K., & Li, M. (2024). The development of a digital intelligence quotient scale: A new measuring instrument for primary school students in China. Heliyon, 10(16).
Liao, X., Nawi, H. M., An, P. H., Mabrouk, F., Kholikova, R., Arnone, G., & Sahawneh, N. M. (2024). Influence of Fintech, Natural Resources, and Energy Transition on Environmental Degradation in BRICS Countries: The Moderating Role of Human Capital. Resources Policy, 92, 105022.
Lin, C. A., Hsu, Y. M., & Chen, H. (2024). How Does Internet Celebrity Recommendation Affect Followers’ Recommendation Adoption Willingness: A Dual-Path Psychological Processing Model? Journal of Management & Business Research (2521-4306), 41(3).
Loh, W. W., & Ren, D. (2023). The unfulfilled promise of longitudinal designs for causal inference. Collabra: Psychology, 9(1).
López, M. (2023). The Effect of Sampling Mode on Response Rate and Bias in Elite Surveys. Quality & Quantity, 57(2), 1303–1319.
Lopoukhine, R. (2024). Developing a Circular Building Materials System and Fostering Innovation from Construction, Demolition and Renovation (CRD) Waste: An Ontario-focused Systemic Policy Analysis and Blueprint for Change.
Lu, S., Sun, Z., & Huang, M. (2024). The impact of digital literacy on farmers' pro-environmental behaviour: an analysis with the Theory of Planned Behaviour. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, 8, 1432184.
Ly, A. M., & Cope, M. R. (2023). New conceptual model of social sustainability: review from past concepts and ideas. International journal of environmental research and public health, 20(7), 5350.
Lynn, J., & Apgar, M. (2024). Exploring causal pathways amid complexity. In Research handbook on program evaluation (pp. 304–325). Edward Elgar Publishing.
Magnusson, T., & Werner, V. (2023). Conceptualisations of incumbent firms in sustainability transitions: Insights from organisation theory and a systematic literature review. Business Strategy and the Environment, 32(2), 903–919.
Maiurova, A., Kurniawan, T. A., Kustikova, M., Bykovskaia, E., Othman, M. H. D., Singh, D., & Goh, H. H. (2022). Promoting digital transformation in waste collection service and waste recycling in Moscow (Russia): Applying a circular economy paradigm to mitigate climate change impacts on the environment. Journal of Cleaner Production, 354, 131604. (Alketbi, 2023)
Malik, F., Heeks, R., Masiero, S., & Nicholson, B. (2021). Digital Labour Platforms in Pakistan: Institutional Voids and Solidarity Networks. Information Technology & People, 34(7), 1819-1839.
Mann, J. L. (2021). Inclusive partnerships: A key to achieving sustainable development. In Partnerships for the Goals (pp. 565–576).
Marang'a, M., Jack, M., Edgar, A., & Irene, N. (2024). Greening the Justice System: Frameworks, Theories, Elements and Practice Imperatives. Theories, Elements, and Practice Imperatives.
Marini Govigli, V., Rois‐Díaz, M., den Herder, M., Bryce, R., Tuomasjukka, D., & Górriz‐Mifsud, E. (2022). The green side of social innovation: Using sustainable development goals to classify environmental impacts of rural grassroots initiatives. Environmental Policy and Governance, 32(6), 459-477.
Marques Cebola, C., Lopes, D., Vasconcelos, L., & Caser, Ú. (2021). Environmental Mediation: Definition and Design. In Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions (pp. 252–261). Cham: Springer International Publishing.
May, J. R., & Daly, E. (2021). Perspectives on emerging issues in International Environmental Law: the role of human dignity in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals. Direito em Movimento, 19(1), 81–107.
Mayrhofer, M. (2024). Framing UN Human Rights Discourses on Climate Change: The Concept of Vulnerability and Its Relation to the Concepts of Inequality and Discrimination. International Journal for the Semiotics of Law-Revue Internationale de Sémiotique juridique, 37(1), 91–117.
Mazzucato, M. (2024). Challenges and opportunities for inclusive and sustainable innovation-led growth in Brazil: A mission-oriented approach to public-private partnerships.
Mazzucato, M., & Farha, L. (2024). The right to housing: A mission-oriented and human rights-based approach.
McCall, A. (2024). Impact of community-based education on empowering women in rural and underserved areas.
McKay, P. A. (2021). A quality governance framework for sustainable and resilient socio-ecological systems. Michigan State University.
Medaglia, R., Rukanova, B., & Zhang, Z. (2024). Digital government and the circular economy transition: An analytical framework and a research agenda. Government Information Quarterly, 41(1), 101904.
Memon, F. N., & Memon, S. N. (2025). Digital Divide and Equity in Education: Bridging Gaps to Ensure Inclusive Learning. In Impact of Digitalisation on Education and Social Sustainability (pp. 107–130). IGI Global.
Memon, M., & Saleem, M. (2023). The Impact of Climate Change and Environmental Pollution on the Right to Life. Available at SSRN 4819570.
Meria, L., Bangun, C. S., & Edwards, J. (2024). Exploring Sustainable Strategies for Education through the Adoption of Digital Circular Economy Principles. International Transactions on Education Technology (ITEE), 3(1), 62–71.
Mhlongo, S., & Dlamini, R. (2022). Digital inequities and societal context: Digital transformation as a conduit to achieve social and epistemic justice. In Innovation practices for digital transformation in the global south: IFIP WG 13.8, 9.4, Invited Selection (pp. 1-15). Cham: Springer International Publishing.
Mishi, S., & Anakpo, G. (2022). Digital gap in global and African countries: Inequalities of opportunities and the impact of the COVID-19 crisis. In Digital Literacy, Inclusivity and Sustainable Development in Africa. Facet Publishing.
Mishra, R., Singh, R. K., & Govindan, K. (2022). Barriers to the Adoption of Circular Economy Practices in Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises: Instrument Development, Measurement, and Validation. Journal of Cleaner Production, 351, 131389.
Mohamed Hashim, M. A., Tlemsani, I., & Duncan Matthews, R. (2022). A sustainable university: Digital transformation and beyond. Education and Information Technologies, 27(7), 8961–8996.
Monaco, S. (2024). SDG 11: Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient, and sustainable. In Identity, territories, and sustainability: Challenges and opportunities for achieving the UN Sustainable Development Goals (pp. 107–115). Emerald Publishing Limited.
Mondal, S., Singh, S., & Gupta, H. (2023). Green entrepreneurship and digitalisation enabling the circular economy through sustainable waste management- An exploratory study of an emerging economy. Journal of Cleaner Production, 422, 138433.
Monteiro, E., & Joseph, J. (2023). A review of the impact of Workplace Culture on Employee Mental Health and Well-Being. International Journal of Case Studies in Business, IT and Education (IJCSBE, 7(2), 291–317.
Mubarik, M. S., Kontoleon, A., & Shahbaz, M. (2024). Beyond the hurdles: Exploring policy obstacles in the path to circular economy adoption. Journal of Environmental Management, 370, 122667.
Mubaslat, A. (2021). Introduction to Waste Management. Jordan: International Youth Ambassadors Foundation.
MURRAY, K. M. (2021). DIGITAL EQUITY AND DIGITAL LEGAL RESOURCES: PERSPECTIVES.
Mutezo, G., & Mulopo, J. (2021). A review of Africa's transition from fossil fuels to renewable energy using circular economy principles. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 137, 110609.
Nademi, Y., & Kalmarzi, H. S. (2025). Breaking the unemployment cycle using the circular economy: Sustainable jobs for sustainable futures. Journal of Cleaner Production, 488, 144655. (Nademi & Kalmarzi, 2025)
Nehaluddin, A., & Lilienthal, G. (2021). Right to water as a human right: A critical overview of international instruments. Environmental Policy and Law, 50(4-5), 299–308.
Neisig, M. (2022). The circular economy: rearranging structural couplings and the paradox of moral-based sustainability-enhancing feedback. Kybernetes, 51(5), 1896-1914.
Neves, S. A., & Marques, A. C. (2022). Drivers and barriers in transitioning from a linear economy to a circular economy. Journal of Cleaner Production, 341, 130865.
Ng, P. M., Lit, K. K., Chan, J. K., Cheung, C. T. Y., & Choy, E. T. (2025). Fostering social entrepreneurship through a social capital approach: an empirical study in China—Journal of Intellectual Capital.
Nishat, K., Khurshid, H., & Naseeb, J. (2024). Access to Technology as a Human Right: Legal Implications of the Global Digital Divide. Mayo Communication Journal, 1(1), 63–72.
Novitz, T. (2021). Gig Work as a Manifestation of Short-Termism: Crafting a Sustainable Regulatory Agenda. Industrial Law Journal, 50(4), 636–661.
Ntanda, A., & Carolissen, R. (2025). Technology’s dual role in smart cities and social equality: A systematic literature review. Journal of Local Government Research and Innovation, 6, 15.
Nyimbili, F., & Nyimbili, L. (2024). Types of purposive sampling techniques, with examples and applications in qualitative research studies. British Journal of Multidisciplinary and Advanced Studies, 5(1), 90–99.
Obiuto, N. C., Ninduwezuor-Ehiobu, N., Ani, E. C., & Andrew, K. (2024). Implementing circular economy principles to enhance safety and environmental sustainability in the manufacturing sector. Int J Adv Multidiscip Res Stud, 4(2), 22-29.
Oeij, P. R., Hulsegge, G., & Preenen, P. T. (2022). Organisational mindfulness as a sustainable driver of employee innovation adoption: Individual and organisational factors. Safety science, 154, 105841.
Oestreich, J. E. (2024). Closing the circle of implementation: the sustainable development goals, universal periodic review, and the rights-based approach to development. The International Journal of Human Rights, 28(1), 69–88.
Ofori, D., & Opoku Mensah, A. (2022). Sustainable electronic waste management among households: a circular economy perspective from a developing economy. Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal, 33(1), 64-85.
Ojo, T. A. (2022). Digital financial inclusion for women in the fourth industrial revolution: A key towards achieving Sustainable Development Goal 5. Africa Review, 14(1), 98–123.
Okedele, P. O., Aziza, O. R., Oduro, P., & Ishola, A. O. (2024). Human rights, climate justice, and environmental law: Bridging international legal standards for social equity. Human Rights, 20(12), 232–241.
Olabi, A. G., Shehata, N., Sayed, E. T., Rodriguez, C., Anyanwu, R. C., Russell, C., & Abdelkareem, M. A. (2023). The Role of Microalgae in Achieving Sustainable Development Goals and a Circular Economy. Science of The Total Environment, 854, 158689.
Oladokun, O. S., & Oyelabi, G. O. (2021). Open access: A sine qua non for effective information service in open and distance learning and attaining sustainable development goals. In Open access implications for sustainable social, political, and economic development (pp. 24-46). IGI Global.
Oloyede, A. A., Faruk, N., Noma, N., Tebepah, E., & Nwaulune, A. K. (2023). Measuring the impact of the digital economy in developing countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Heliyon, 9(7).
Otundo Richard, M. (2024). Innovative Approaches to Monitoring and Evaluation in Sustainability Projects: The Impact of Digital Tools and Community Involvement in Kenya.
Pagliara, F., Aria, M., Brancati, G., Moradpour, A., & Morrison, A. M. (2025). A mixed-method study for the identification of the factors affecting the performance of a tourist destination. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 37, 101018.
Palm, J., Lazoroska, D., Valencia, M., Bocken, N., & Södergren, K. (2024). A gender perspective on the circular economy: A literature review and research agenda. Journal of Industrial Ecology, 28(6), 1670–1683.
Pan, S. L., Carter, L., Tim, Y., & Sandeep, M. S. (2022). Digital Sustainability, Climate Change, and Information Systems Solutions: Opportunities for Future Research. International journal of information management, 63, 102444.
Paoli, A. D., Addeo, F., & Mangone, E. Sustainability and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): From Moral Imperatives to Indicators and Indexes. A Methodology for Validating and Assessing SDGs. Perspectives for a New Social Theory of Sustainability, 47.
Papeleu, T., Oates, J., Tomassen, P., Adriaansen, A., Leyns, C., Alighieri, C., ... & D'haeseleer, E. (2025). Effects of Intensive Intonation Training in Transgender and Gender Diverse People Aiming for a More Feminine-Sounding Voice: A Randomised Clinical Trial. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 68(4), 1711-1742.
Paunovic, I., Müller, C., & Deimel, K. (2023). Citizen participation for sustainability and resilience: A generational cohort perspective on community brand identity perceptions and development priorities in a rural community. Sustainability, 15(9), 7307.
Pavlov, G., Maydeu-Olivares, A., & Shi, D. (2021). Using the standardised root mean squared residual (SRMR) to assess exact fit in structural equation models. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 81(1), 110–130.
Peiró, J. M., Luque-García, A., Soriano, A., & Martínez-Tur, V. (2023). Fears during the COVID-19 pandemic and their influence on physical health: A cross-sectional study on the general population in Spain. International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 23(2), 100361.
Peláez, A. L., Suh, S. M., & Zelenev, S. (Eds.). (2022). Digital transformation and social well-being: Promoting an inclusive society. Taylor & Francis.
Piazza, R. (2024). Learning Cities: Catalysts for Sustainable Urban Development through Collaborative Partnerships. Form@ re-Open Journal per la formazione in rete, 24(2), 228–242.
Pillah, T. P. Unlocking the Pillars of Sustainable Development: A Framework for Intergenerational Equity.
Pires, P. B., & Branco, C. C. (2025). Interdependence and Trust in B2B Relationships: A Validated Model of Performance Drivers in International Commerce. International Journal of Marketing, Communication and New Media, (17).
Pittman, J., Severino, L., DeCarlo-Tecce, M. J., & Kiosoglous, C. (2021). An action research case study: Digital equity and educational inclusion during an emergent COVID-19 divide. Journal for Multicultural Education, 15(1), 68–84.
Podsakoff, P. M., Podsakoff, N. P., Williams, L. J., Huang, C., & Yang, J. (2024). Standard method bias: It is not good, it is complex, it is widespread, and it is not easy to fix. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 11(1), 17–61.
Powers, M. (2024). A Livable Planet: Human Rights in the Global Economy. Oxford University Press.
Puaschunder, J. M. (2023). Human rights online: Towards a new generation of human rights in the virtual world.
Purwandani, J. A., & Michaud, G. (2021). What are the drivers and barriers to SMEs adopting green business practices? Environment systems and decisions, 41(4), 577–593.
Putro, W. D., & Bedner, A. W. (2023). Ecological Sustainability from a Legal Philosophy Perspective. JILS, 8, 595.
Rahman, M. M., & Sadik, N. (2024). Measuring scale for digital financial services, economic growth, performance, and environmental sustainability: evidence from EFA and CFA. Quality & Quantity, 1–34.
Raichuk, L., Stolz, J. F., & Linkov, F. (2025). Transforming environmental education in Ukraine, developing a crisis-driven approach to interdisciplinary learning. Environment Systems and Decisions, 45(3), 1–22.
Raifman, S., DeVost, M. A., Digitale, J. C., Chen, Y. H., & Morris, M. D. (2022). Respondent-driven sampling: a sampling method for hard-to-reach populations and beyond. Current Epidemiology Reports, 9(1), 38–47.
Raihan, A. (2024). A review of the potential opportunities and challenges of the digital economy for sustainability. Innovation and Green Development, 3(4), 100174.
Raihan, M. M., Subroto, S., Chowdhury, N., Koch, K., Ruttan, E., & Turin, T. C. (2024). Dimensions and barriers for digital (in) equity and digital divide: A systematic integrative review. Digital Transformation and Society.
Raj, P. (2023). Fostering Intergenerational Equity and Ethical Responsibility in the Blue Economy. Available at SSRN 5017662.
Rajabifard, A., Kahalimoghadam, M., Lumantarna, E., Herath, N., Hui, F. K. P., & Assarkhaniki, Z. (2021). Applying SDGs as a systematic approach for incorporating sustainability in higher education. International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education, 22(6), 1266–1284.
Rane, N., Choudhary, S., & Rane, J. (2023). The metaverse is a cutting-edge platform for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Available at SSRN 4644035.
Rashid, S., & Malik, S. H. (2023). Transition from a Linear to a Circular Economy. In Renewable Energy in Circular Economy (pp. 1–20). Cham: Springer International Publishing.
Redding, G. (2023). Societal knowledge quality as a catalyst for the competitive productivity of technology: One in a set of several universal processes in trajectories of societal progress. International Business Review, 32(6), 102096.
Rehman, F. U., Al-Ghazali, B. M., Haddad, A. G., Qahwash, E. A., & Sohail, M. S. (2023). Exploring the reverse relationship between circular economy innovation and digital sustainability—the dual mediation of government incentives. Sustainability, 15(6), 5181.
Rejeb, A., Suhaiza, Z., Rejeb, K., Seuring, S., & Treiblmaier, H. (2022). The Internet of Things and the circular economy: A systematic literature review and research agenda. Journal of Cleaner Production, 350, 131439.
Reynolds, K. A., Harikumar, V. B., Poon, E., West, D. P., & Alam, M. (2022). While ethical considerations predominate, scientific merit can also influence Institutional Review Board (IRB) determinations, as illustrated by a cross-sectional study. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 150, 12–17.
Richardson, S., Lawrence, K., Schoenthaler, A. M., & Mann, D. (2022). A framework for digital health equity. NPJ digital medicine, 5(1), 119.
Rocco, T. S., Plakhotnik, M. S., & Silberman, D. (2022). Differentiating between conceptual and theoretical articles: Focus, goals, and approaches. Human Resource Development Review, 21(1), 113–140.
Rochel, J. (2021). Connecting the dots: Digital integrity as a human right. Human Rights Law Review, 21(2), 358–383.
Rodrigue, M., & Romi, A. (2024). An overview of the circular economy. Handbook on Corporate Governance and Corporate Social Responsibility, 118–135.
Rokeman, N. R. M. (2024). Likert measurement scale in education and social sciences: explored and explained. EDUCATUM Journal of Social Sciences, 10(1), 77–88.
Rönkkö, M., & Cho, E. (2022). An updated guideline for assessing discriminant validity. Organisational research methods, 25(1), 6–14.
Rose, J. M., Borriello, A., & Pellegrini, A. (2023). Formative versus Reflective Attitude Measures: Extending the Hybrid Choice Model. Journal of Choice Modelling, 48, 100412.
Rosli, M. S., Saleh, N. S., Alshammari, S. H., Ibrahim, M. M., Atan, A. S., & Atan, N. A. (2021). Improving Questionnaire Reliability using Construct Reliability for Research in Educational Technology. Int. J. Interact. Mob. Technol., 15(4), 109–116.
Rothe, F. F., Van Audenhove, L., & Loisen, J. (2023). Digital development, inequalities & the Sustainable Development Goals: What does ‘Leave No One Behind’ mean for ICT4D? Information Technology for Development, 29(1), 9–26.
Rotondi, V., Noris, A., & Carpanzano, E. (2024). Understanding sustainability perceptions: insights from textual analysis and a survey experiment. World Development Sustainability, 5, 100182.
Rydzewski, P. (2025). Digital Inequality and Sustainable Development. Problemy Ekorozwoju, 20(1), 96-108.
Sagan, M. A. (2025). Generative sustainability: a human resource framework to navigate the future of work (Doctoral dissertation, University of Nottingham).
Salvi, M., Jensen, K., Stoermer, E., Scapolo, F., Asikainen, T., & Muench, S. (2022). Towards a green & digital future. Publications Office of the European Union.
Samuel-Okon, A. D., & Abejide, O. O. (2024). Bridging the digital divide: Exploring the role of artificial intelligence and automation in enhancing connectivity in developing nations. Journal of Engineering Research and Reports, 26(6), 165–177.
Sanders, C. K., & Scanlon, E. (2021). The digital divide is a human rights issue: Advancing social inclusion through social work advocacy. Journal of Human Rights and Social Work, 6(2), 130–143.
Sarkhoshkalat, M. M., Afkham, A., Bonyadi Manesh, M., & Sarkhosh, M. (2024). Circular Economy and the Recycling of E-Waste. In New Technologies for Energy Transition Based on Sustainable Development Goals: Factors Contributing to Global Warming (pp. 319–354). Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore.
Sarstedt, M., Ringle, C. M., & Hair, J. F. (2021). Partial least squares structural equation modelling. In Handbook of market research (pp. 587–632). Cham: Springer International Publishing.
Sathyanarayana, S., & Mohanasundaram, T. (2024). Fit indices in structural equation modelling and confirmatory factor analysis: reporting guidelines. Asian Journal of Economics, Business and Accounting, 24(7), 561–577.
Savitz, D. A., & Wellenius, G. A. (2023). Can cross-sectional studies contribute to causal inference? It depends. American journal of epidemiology, 192(4), 514–516.
Schejter, A. M., Shomron, B., Abu-Jaffar, M., Kaf, G. A., Mendels, J., Mola, S., ... & Tirosh, N. Digital Capabilities.
Schroeder, P., & Barrie, J. (2022). Is going circular just? Environmental justice and a just transition—key elements of an inclusive circular economy. Field Actions Science Reports. The Journal of Field Actions, (Special Issue 24), 20–25.
Selvakumar, P. (2025). The Role of Technology in Enhancing Social Sustainability. In Enhancing Social Sustainability in Manufacturing Supply Chains (pp. 275–302). IGI Global Scientific Publishing.
Senatore, L., Bimonte, G., & Gatto, A. (2025). Sustainable and Resilient Governance of Common‐Pool Resources: A Critical Analysis of Non‐Cooperative and Cooperative Game Theory Applications. Journal of Economic Surveys.
Serdar, C. C., Cihan, M., Yücel, D., & Serdar, M. A. (2021). Sample size, power, and effect size revisited: simplified and practical approaches in pre-clinical, clinical and laboratory studies. Biochemia medica, 31(1), 27-53.
Shah, S. S., & Shah, S. A. H. (2024). Trust as a determinant of Social Welfare in the Digital Economy. Social Network Analysis and Mining, 14(1), 79.
Sharma, R. (2023). Promoting social inclusion through social policies. Capacity Building and Youth Empowerment, 76 (617).
Sharma, R. S., Mokhtar, I. A., Ghista, D. N., Nazir, A., & Khan, S. Z. (2023). Digital literacies as policy catalysts of social innovation and socioeconomic transformation: Interpretive analysis from Singapore and the UAE. Sustainable Social Development, 1(1).
Sharma, S., Kar, A. K., & Gupta, M. P. (2024). Untangling the web between digital citizen empowerment, accountability, and quality of participation experience for e-government: Lessons from India. Government Information Quarterly, 41(3), 101964.
Shirazi, F., & Hajli, N. (2021). IT-enabled sustainable innovation and the global digital divides. Sustainability, 13(17), 9711.
Siddiqi, M. M. (2024). Future of digital education: inclusive, immersive, equitable. MediaSpace: DME Media Journal of Communication, 5(01), 8–24.
Sijtsema, S. J., Snoek, H. M., Van Haaster-de Winter, M. A., & Dagevos, H. (2019). Let us discuss the circular economy: A qualitative exploration of consumer perceptions: sustainability, 12(1), 286.
Silva, L., Thompson, A., & Jane, K. (2023). Role of NGOs in Waste Management Policies: Analysis of how non-governmental organisations influence waste management.
Singh, H., & Singh, B. P. (2025). Bridging e-governance and sustainability: Unveiling synergies for a sustainable future. In Leveraging futuristic machine learning and next-generational security for e-governance (pp. 1–24). IGI Global Scientific Publishing.
Singhal, T. S., Jain, J. K., Ramacharyulu, D. A., Jain, A., Abdul-Zahra, D.S., Manjunatha, M., & Srivastava, A. P. (2024). Eco-Design of Products and Processes: A Review on Principles and Tools for Sustainable Manufacturing. In E3S Web of Conferences (Vol. 505, p. 01033). EDP Sciences.
Sisinyize, N. L. (2024). Sustainable Development for Society 5.0. In Sustainable Development in Industry and Society 5.0: Governance, Management, and Financial Implications (pp. 133–148). IGI Global.
Sparviero, S., & Ragnedda, M. (2021). Towards digital sustainability: The long journey to the Sustainable Development Goals 2030. Digital Policy, Regulation and Governance, 23(3), 216–228.
Stam, K., van Ewijk, E., & Chan, P. W. (2023). How does learning drive sustainability transitions? Perspectives, problems, and prospects from a systematic literature review. Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions, 48, 100734.
Stefanescu, C. A. (2022). Linking sustainability reporting frameworks and sustainable development goals. Accounting Research Journal, 35(4), 508–525.
Suchek, N., Ferreira, J. J., & Fernandes, P. O. (2022). A review of entrepreneurship and circular economy research: State of the art and future directions. Business Strategy and the Environment, 31(5), 2256–2283.
Suntsova, O. (2024). Digital Transformation of the Global Economy: Challenges and Opportunities. Available at SSRN 5125647.
Swargiary, K., & Roy, K. (2023). Empowering Minds: Adult Education in India. Lambert Academic Publishing.
Tabor, K. M., Stavros, N., & Holland, M. B. (2025). Local conservation action requires ethical investments in global digital equity. Environmental Conservation, 52(1), 9–19.
Taherdoost, H. (2022). Designing a questionnaire for a research paper: A comprehensive guide to designing and developing an effective questionnaire. Asian Journal of Managerial Science, 11(1), 8–16.
Tan, M., & Lindi von Mutius, J. D. (2023). Unhook: A Framework of Everyday Sustainable Habits to Reduce Climate Impacts.
Tate, T., & Warschauer, M. (2022). Equity in online learning. Educational Psychologist, 57(3), 192–206.
Tauchnitz, E., & Ahmed, S. (2024, October). Framing Ethical e-Governance: A Plaidoyer for a Human-Rights-based Digital Democracy Approach. In Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Theory and Practice of Electronic Governance (pp. 22–27).
Thiet, T. C. (2024). Analysis of the right to live in a clean and healthy environment under Vietnamese law and suggestions for improving it. Studia Prawnicze KUL, (4), 113-132.
Tibbe, T. D., & Montoya, A. K. (2022). Correcting the bias correction for the bootstrap confidence interval in mediation analysis. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 810258.
Tomašević, A. N. (2023). Reshaping the future of work: Navigating the impacts of lifelong learning and digital competences in the era of 5.0 industry. Social informatics journal, 2(1), 1–6. (Tomašević, 2023)
Torreggiani, M. (2024). Macro-Level Circularity Indicators: Assessing Sustainable habits and Environmental commitment.
Toșa, C., Paneru, C. P., Joudavi, A., & Tarigan, A. K. (2024). Digital transformation, incentives, and pro-environmental behaviour: Assessing the uptake of sustainability in companies' transition towards circular economy. Sustainable Production and Consumption, 47, 632–643.
Trein, P., Fischer, M., Maggetti, M., & Sarti, F. (2023). Empirical research on policy integration: A review and new directions. Policy Sciences, 56(1), 29–48.
Triantafyllidou, E., & Zabaniotou, A. (2022). Digital technology and social innovation promoting green citizenship: development of the “Go Sustainable Living” digital application. Circular Economy and Sustainability, 2(1), 141–164.
Tsou, C. T. (2025). Analysis of sustainable socio-technical transition-unpacking the development of the NEV sector from the early 2000s through an innovative conceptual framework (Doctoral dissertation, University of Glasgow).
Twum, A. K., Zhang, J., Ding, X., & Cobbinah, J. (2025). Realising Green Growth in Belt and Road Initiative Economies: The Roles of Financial Support, Renewable Energy, and Eco-Footprint Dynamics. Journal of the Knowledge Economy, 1–36.
Uhunamure, S. E., & Shale, K. (2025). Household Awareness and Perceptions of Circular Economy Development in Limpopo Province, South Africa: A Pathway to Sustainable Development. Cleaner Waste Systems, 100316.
Ulaga, W., Kleinaltenkamp, M., Kashyap, V., & Eggert, A. (2021). Advancing marketing theory and practice: Guidelines for crafting research propositions. AMS Review, 1–12.
Ullah, S., Niu, B., & Meo, M. S. (2024). Digital inclusion and environmental taxes: A dynamic duo for energy transition in green economies. Applied Energy, 361, 122911.
Upadhyay, A., Mukhuty, S., Kumar, V., & Kazancoglu, Y. (2021). Blockchain Technology and the Circular Economy: Implications for Sustainability and Social Responsibility. Journal of Cleaner Production, 293, 126130.
Upreti, G. (2023). Eco-sociocentrism: The Earth First Paradigm for Sustainable Living. In Eco sociocentrism: The Earth First Paradigm for Sustainable Living (pp. 307-367). Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland.
Valdez, V. B., & Javier, S. P. (2021). Digital divide: from a peripheral to a core issue for all SDGs. In Reduced Inequalities (pp. 88–101). Cham: Springer International Publishing.
Van Kessel, R., Hrzic, R., O'Nuallain, E., Weir, E., Wong, B. L. H., Anderson, M., ... & Mossialos, E. (2022). Digital Health Paradox: International Policy Perspectives on Addressing Increased Health Inequalities for People with Disabilities. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 24(2), e33819.
Varzakas, T., & Antoniadou, M. (2024). A holistic approach for ethics and sustainability in the food chain: the gateway to oral and systemic health. Foods, 13(8), 1224.
Vidal-Ayuso, F., Akhmedova, A., & Jaca, C. (2023). The circular economy and consumer behaviour: Literature review and research directions. Journal of Cleaner Production, 418, 137824.
Voitsikhovskyi, A., Bakumov, O., Ustymenko, O., & Syroid, T. (2021). THE RIGHT OF ACCESS TO THE INTERNET AS A FUNDAMENTAL HUMAN RIGHT GIVEN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE GLOBAL INFORMATION SOCIETY. Law, State & Telecommunications Review/Revista de Direito, Estado e Telecomunicações, 13(1).
Wah, J. N. K. (2025). Decoding Structural Equation Modelling: Insights on Data Assumptions, Normality, and Model Fit in Advancing Digital Marketing Strategies. Journal of Cases on Information Technology (JCIT), 27(1), 1–20.
Wang, S., Jiang, X., & Khaskheli, M. B. (2024). The Role of Technology in the Digital Economy’s Sustainable Development of Hainan Free Trade Port and Genetic Testing: Cloud Computing and Digital Law. Sustainability, 16(14), 6025.
Wang, S., Li, Y., & Khaskheli, M. B. (2024). Innovation supports sustainable business, law, and digital technologies: economic development and dispute resolution: sustainability, 16(10), 3910.
Weiss, M. A. 12. The Porto Alegre Sustainable Innovation Zone (ZISPOA): circular economy, climate resilience, sustainable innovation, participatory community transformation, and inclusive prosperity. RECONNECTING THE CITY WITH NATURE AND HISTORY, 323.
Wendt, T. (2021, February). Organised futures. On the ambiguity of the digital absorption of uncertainty. In Frontiers in Education (Vol. 6, p. 554336). Frontiers Media SA.
Williams, D. D. (2022). Digital Equity: Challenges of Implementing the 1:1 Computing Initiative in Low-Income Areas.
Williams, J., Prawiyogi, A. G., Rodriguez, M., & Kovac, I. (2024). Enhancing the Circular Economy with Digital Technologies: A PLS-SEM Approach. International Transactions on Education Technology (ITEE), 2(2), 140–151.
Wilson, A., Kask, R., & Ming, L. W. (2024). Exploring circular digital economy strategies for sustainable environmental, economic, and educational technology. International Transactions on Education Technology (ITEE), 2(2), 129–139.
Wodajo, K. (2022). Mapping (in) visibility and structural injustice in the digital space. Journal of Responsible Technology, 9, 100024.
Wróblewska, M. N. (2021). Research impact evaluation and academic discourse. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 8(1), 1-12.
Xie, X., Liu, X., & Chen, J. (2023). A meta-analysis of the relationship between collaborative innovation and innovation performance: The role of formal and informal institutions. Tech novation, 124, 102740.
Ximénez, C., Maydeu-Olivares, A., Shi, D., & Revuelta, J. (2022). Assessing cutoff values of SEM fit indices: Advantages of the unbiased SRMR index and its cutoff criterion based on communality. Structural Equation Modelling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 29(3), 368–380.
Xu, H., Jia, Y., Sun, Z., Su, J., Liu, Q. S., Zhou, Q., & Jiang, G. (2022). Environmental pollution is a hidden culprit for health issues. Eco-Environment & Health, 1(1), 31–45.
Xu, K., Gan, Y., & Wilson, A. (2024). Stacked Generalisation for Robust Prediction of Trust and Private Equity on Financial Performances. Innovations in Applied Engineering and Technology, 1-12.
Xueying, T. (2024). Governance Framework and Implementation Paths of the Green Transformation of Vocational Education and Training in the European Union.
Yenduri, G., Ramalingam, M., Selvi, G. C., Supriya, Y., Srivastava, G., Maddikunta, P. K. R., ... & Gadekallu, T. R. (2024). GPT (generative pre-trained transformer)–a comprehensive review on enabling technologies, potential applications, emerging challenges, and future directions. IEEE Access.
Yin, S., & Yu, Y. (2022). An adoption-implementation framework of digital green knowledge to improve the performance of digital green innovation practices for Industry 5.0. Journal of Cleaner Production, 363, 132608.
Yount, K. M., Cheong, Y. F., Khan, Z., Bergenfeld, I., Kaslow, N., & Clark, C. J. (2022). Global measurement of intimate partner violence to monitor Sustainable Development Goal 5. BMC Public Health, 22(1), 465.
Yu, M. N., Chang, Y. N., & Li, R. H. (2024). Relationships between Big Five Personality Traits and Psychological Well-Being: A Mediation Analysis of Social Support for University Students. Education Sciences, 14(10), 1050.
Zawieska, J., Obracht-Prondzyńska, H., Duda, E., Uryga, D., & Romanowska, M. (2022). In search of innovative digital solutions enhancing social pro-environmental engagement. Energies, 15(14), 5191.
Zdjelar, R., & Žajdela Hrustek, N. (2021). Digital Divide and E-Inclusion as Challenges of the Information Society – Research Review. Journal of information and organizational sciences, 45(2), 601-638.
Zhanbayev, R. A., Irfan, M., Shutaleva, A. V., Maksimov, D. G., Abdykadyrkyzy, R., & Filiz, Ş. (2023). Demo ethical model of sustainable development of society: A roadmap towards digital transformation. Sustainability, 15(16), 12478.
Zhang, X., Khaskheli, M. B., Shen, C., Jafri, M. A. H., & Shamsi, I. H. (2025). A comparative study of economic activity and sustainable development in China and three South Asian Countries. Discover Sustainability, 6(1), 170.
Zheng, S., Ding, M., Li, Q., Sohail, S., & Ullah, S. (2025). How does the stringency of environmental policy affect clean energy justice? The role of digital infrastructure. Energy, 134800.
Downloads
Published
Data Availability Statement
All data supporting the findings of this study are contained within the manuscript. Additional information is available from the author upon reasonable request.Issue
Section
Categories
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Vidhi Agarwal (Author)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
