Durkheim, Individualism, Human Flourishing and the Law: An Appraisal of Social Solidarity and Circularity in the Construction Sector

Authors

  • Jonas Voorter Hasselt University Author
  • Joeri van Vliet Tilburg University Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55845/NQIR7494

Keywords:

Circular Construction, Social Solidarity, Durkheim, Human Flourishing Theory

Abstract

The transition to a circular economy (CE) in the construction sector requires strong collaboration among stakeholders. This paper examines the potential of Émile Durkheim’s theory of social solidarity and Gregory Alexander’s human flourishing framework to foster cooperation within the construction sector and beyond. By linking Durkheim’s organic solidarity with Alexander’s concept of interdependence, we propose that sustainability goals can align with individualistic tendencies through a shared focus on human flourishing. This approach reframes sustainability as a path to collective and individual well-being, emphasizing the interconnectedness of stakeholders in circular construction practices. Furthermore, the paper explores embedding this mindset into legislative frameworks via soft law, legal nudging, and explicit statutory references. This interdisciplinary analysis bridges sociology, legal studies, and sustainability science, offering a new narrative to integrate human flourishing into societal and legal systems, thereby advancing circularity and fostering a sustainable future.

References

Aanbestedingswet. (2012, November 1). Overheid.nl. Retrieved January 22, 2025, from https://wetten.overheid.nl/BWBR0032203/2022-03-02

Akkermans, B. (2021). Sustainable Ownership – New Obligations Towards Achieving a Sustainable Society. European Property Law Journal, 10(2/3), 277-303.

https://doi.org/10.1515/eplj-2021-0014

Akkermans, B. (2022). Sustainable Property Law: Reckoning, Resilience, and Reform. Eleven International publishing.

Alexander, G.S. (2018). Property and Human Flourishing. Oxford University Press.

Alexander, G.S. (2020). The human flourishing theory. In H. Dagan, & B.C. Zipurky (Reds.), Research Handbook on Private Law Theory (pp. 203-219). Edward Elgar Publishing.

Aristotle. (2019). Nicomachean ethics (3th ed.). Hackett Publishing Company, Inc.

Cihan Kayaçetin, N. et al. (2021). Evaluation of circular construction works during design phase: an overview of valuation tools. In J.R. Littlewood, R.J. Howlett & L.C. Jain (Reds), Sustainability in Energy and Buildings (pp. 93-94). Springer Nature.

Debacker, W., Vergauwen, A., Vrijders, J., Voorter, J., Galle, W. (2023). Aanbevelingen Veranderingsgericht (ver)bouwen (Eindrapportage Deelopdracht II in het kader van de Proeftuin Circulair Bouwen). Vlaanderen Circulair. Last retrieved January 22, 2025,from

https://bouwen.vlaanderen-circulair.be/src/Frontend/Files/userfiles/files/Aanbevelingen_20230203.pdf

Deketelaere, K., Schoups, M., & Verbeke, A.L. (2022) Handboek Bouwrecht (3th ed.). Intersentia.

Durkheim, E. (1973). Moral education. Colier Macmillan.

Durkheim, E. (1984). The Division of labour in society. Free Press.

European Commission. (2017). Thematische factsheet Europees semester overheidsopdrachten. Last retrieved January 22, 2025, from

https://commission.europa.eu/document/download/e3872422-2adc-4802-a40e-e0660e622f3d_nl?filename=european-semester_thematic-factsheet_public-procurement_nl.pdf

European Commission. (2020). A new Circular Economy Action Plan For a cleaner and more competitive Europe, COM (2020) 98 final.

https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=celex:52020DC0098

European Commission. (2023). Study on measuring the application of circular approaches in the construction industry ecosystem: final study. Publications Office of the European Union.

Last retrieved January 22, 2025, from https://data.europa.eu/doi/10.2826/488711

Evans jr, A., & Evans, A. (1977). An examination of the concept ‘social solidarity’. Mid-American Review of Sociology, 2(1), 29-46. https://doi.org/10.17161/STR.1808.4797

Flemish Urban Planning Codex. (2009, May 15). Codex.vlaanderen.be. Last retrieved January 22, 2025, from https://codex.vlaanderen.be/zoeken/Document.aspx?DID=1018245&param=inhoud

Gofman, A. (2018). Tradition, Morality and Solidarity in Durkheim’s Theory. İstanbul Üniversitesi Sosyoloji Dergisi, 39(1), 25-39. https://doi.org/10.26650/SJ.2019.39.1.0007

Gruvaert, D. (2024). Duurzaamheid in het omgevingsrecht: een greep uit 15 jaar bestuursrechtspraak. Die Keure.

Hart, H.L.A. (1967). Social solidarity and the enforcement of morality. The University of Chigago Law Review, 35(1), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.2307/1598946

Hawkins, M.J. (1979). Continuity and Change in Durkheim’s Theory of Social Solidarity. The Sociological Quarterly, 20, 155-164. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1533-8525.1979.tb02192.x

Hechter, M. (2001). Sociology of solidarity. In N.J. Smelser & P.B. Baltes (Reds.), International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences (pp. 14588-15591). Elsevier.

Hofstede Insights. (N.d.). Country comparison tool. https://www.hofstede-insights.com/country-comparison-tool

Individualism. (n.d.). In Cambridge dictionary. Last retrieved January 22, 2025, from https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/individualism

Khairulyadi, K., Ikramatoun, S., & Nisa, K. (2022). Durkheim’s Social Solidarity and the Division of labour: An overview. Jurnal Sosiologi Agama Indonesia, 3(2), 82-95. http://dx.doi.org/10.22373/jsai.v3i2.1792

Leising, E., Quist, J., & Bocken, N. (2018). Circular Economy in the building sector: Three cases and a collaboration tool. Journal of Cleaner Production, 176, 976-989. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.12.010

Mishra, C., & Rath, N. (2020). Social solidarity during a pandemic: Through and beyond Durkheimian Lens. Social Sciences & Humanities, 2(1), 100079. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2020.100079

OVAM. (2022). Op weg naar circulair bouwen (Beleidsprogramma 2022 – 2030). Last retrieved January 22, 2025, from

https://ovam.vlaanderen.be/op-weg-naar-circulair-bouwen-2022-2030

Paidakaki, A., & Lang, R. (2021). Uncovering social sustainability in housing systems through the lens of institutional capital: A study of two housing alliances in Vienna, Austria. Sustainability, 13(17), 1-24. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13179726

Repp, L., Hekkert, M., & Kircherr, J. (2021). Circular economy-induced global employment shifts in apparel value chains: Job reduction in apparel production activities, job growth in reuse and recycling activities. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 171, 1-18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2021.105621

Rijksoverheid. (N.d.). Meer toezicht in de bouw via de Wet Kwaliteitsborging voor het bouwen (Wkb). Last retrieved January 22, 2025, from https://www.rijksoverheid.nl/onderwerpen/bouwregelgeving/meer-toezicht-in-de-bouw-via-de-wet-kwaliteitsborging-voor-het-bouwen-wkb

Sen, A. (1999). Commodities and capabilities. Oxford University Press.

Taylor, C. (1985). Philosophy and the human sciences. Cambridge University Press.

Thilakarathna, K.A.A.N. (2019). A critique on the Durkheimian concept of solidarity. International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, 3(6), 307-313. Last retrieved January 22, 2025, from

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/348881609_A_Critique_on_the_Durkheimian_Concept_of_Solidarity

Van Gulijk, S., & Voorter, J. (2023). Systematic review of western European public and private policies and (proposed) legislation to implement a circular built environment. International construction law review, 3, 284-298. Last retrieved January 22, 2025, from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/373825076_Systematic_review_of_western_European_public_and_private_policies_and_proposed_

legislation_to_implement_a_circular_built_environment

Van Gulijk, S., Voorter, J. & Westenberg, M. (2024). Samenwerking in een bouwteam als juridisch vehikel op weg naar een duurzame bouwpraktijk: het Nederlandse bouwteammodel als mogelijke inspiratiebron voor de Belgische bouwsector. Tijdschrift voor Bouwrecht en Onroerend goed, 4, 148 – 157.Last retrieved January 27, 2025 from

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/379257405_Samenwerking_in_een_bouwteam_als_juridisch_vehikel_op_weg_naar_een

_duurzame_bouwpraktijk_het_Nederlandse_bouwteammodel_als_mogelijke_inspiratiebron_voor_de_Belgische_bouwsector

Voorter, J. (2024). De juridische transitie naar circulaire economie in de bouwsector in België. Zorgen dat de cirkel niet vierkant draait. LeA Uitgevers.

Voorter, J., Iurascu, A., & Van Garsse, S. (2021). The concept “circular economy”: Towards a more universal definition. Ius Publicum, 2, 1-28. Last retrieved January 22, 2025, from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/361254828_The_concept_Circular_Economy_Towards_a_more_universal_definition

De Wolf, C., Carter, K., Assi, L., Adesina, A., Ottosen, L.M., Quesada-Roman, A., Vrceli, Z., & Foliente, G. (2023). Coordinating stakeholders along the construction value chain toward sustainability. One Earth, 6(11), 1417-1420. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oneear.2023.10.025

Downloads

Published

24-02-2025

How to Cite

Voorter, J., & van Vliet, J. (2025). Durkheim, Individualism, Human Flourishing and the Law: An Appraisal of Social Solidarity and Circularity in the Construction Sector. Journal of Circular Economy, 3(1). https://doi.org/10.55845/NQIR7494